Arkamani.ARCHAEOLOGY · ANTHROPOLOGY

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ROAD ARCHAEOLOGY IN THE MIDDLE NILE

Vol.I The SARS Survey From Bagrawiya to Atbara

by M.D.S.Mallinson, L.M.V.Smith, S.Ikram, C.Le Quesne and P.Sheehan

Sudan Archaeological Research Society Publication Number 1, London 1996

This, the first definitive report to be published by SARS, is an account of the results of the first rescue season on the line of Geili to Abara road.

Archeology of the road in the Middle Nile

First volume. Survey work for the Sudanese Archaeological Research Association between Al-Bajrawiya and Atbara

M.D.S. Mallinson, L.M.F. Smith, S. Ikram, S. Lou Qaysni, and B. Sheehan

Publications of the Sudanese Archaeological Research Society

The first detailed report published on the work of the Sudanese Archaeological Research Society, which is a presentation of the results of the first season of archaeological rescue work on the road line from Al-Jili to Atbara.

GABATI

A Meroitic. Post-Meroitic and Medieval Cemetery in Central Sudan

by David N.Edwards

with contributions by

P,J,Rose, L.M.Smith, S.Taylor, H.Cool, A.Clpham, Q.Mould and M.Ryder

Sudan Archaeological Research Society Publication Number 3, London 1998

The cemetery at Gabati was discovered by the SARS Begrawiya to Atbara Survey team in 1993. In the face of its imminent destruction during the building of the new Challenge Road, on whose line it lay, a single season of rescue excavation was mounted at short notice in the winter of 1994-95 in the course of which over 100 graves were excavated.

This monograph, the first of two volumes, describes in detail the archaeology of this important site, It includes reports by a number of specialists on the pottery and the other finds from the graves, some of which contained large amounts of well preserved organic material. A detailed report on the human skeletal material is in preperation.

My dome

Meroitic, post-Meroitic and medieval cemetery in central Sudan

David Edwards

With the participation of Rose, Smith, Taylor, Cole, Kelpham, Moad, and Reeder.

Publications of the Sudanese Archaeological Research Society

The Gebarti cemetery was discovered during the archaeological survey carried out by the Sudanese Archaeological Research Society team in 1993 for the Al-Bajrawiyah-Atbara area. Due to the destruction resulting from the construction of the Challenge Road, along which the cemetery is located, one excavation season was carried out with the aim of saving the cemetery in the winter of 1994-95, during which more than a hundred graves were excavated.

This book, the first of two volumes, contains reports by a number of specialists on pottery and other finds from tombs, some of which contained organic materials. A detailed report on human skeleton materials is still being prepared.

KULUBNARTI II

The Artifactual Remains

by William Y.Adams and Nettie K.Adams

Sudan Archaeological Research Society Publication Number 2 London 1998

This is the second of the three-volume series devoted to the results of the University of Kentucky's excavations on the island of Kulubnarti in the Northern Siudan. Part of the international campaign to save the monuments of Nubia, the work was carried out during three field seasons, in 1969, 1970 and 1979, when, among other things, ten settlement sites, two churches and two cemeteries of the medieval period were investigated.

The first volume, KULUBARTI I- The Architectural Remains, by W.Y.Adams appeared in 1994. KULUBNARTI II describes in detail the artifactual finds, well over one thousand in number, and covering a wide range of categories, from the settlement sites.

Kalbanarti 2

Remnants of industrial tools

William Adams and Nettie K. Adams

Publications of the Sudanese Archaeological Research Society 2, London 1998

The second book in a three-volume series devoted to the results of the University of Kentucky's excavations on Kalabnarti Island in northern Sudan. As part of the global campaign to save the ruins of Nubia, the work was carried out in three seasons, in the years 1969, 1970, and 1979 when, among other things, ten residence sites, two churches and two cemeteries were studied.

The first volume, Kalabnarti 1 - Architectural Remains, written by Adams, was published in 1994. Kalabnarti 2 describes in detail the artefacts recovered, amounting to over a thousand pieces, from the settlement sites.

KULUBNARTI III

The Cemeteries

by William Y.Adams, Nettie K.Adams, Dennis P.Van Gervan and David L.Greene

Sudan Archaeological Reasearch Society Publication Number 4, London 1999

This is the final volume devoted to the results of the University of Kentucky's excavations on the island of Kulubnarti in the Northern Sudan. In this volume Bill Adams describes the graves and grave monuments, Nettie Adams the grave goods including the abundant textiles, and Van Gervan and Greene report on the human remains.

Kalbanarti 3

Cowards

William Adams, and Nettie K. Adams, Dennis van Gervan, and David Green

Publications of the Sudanese Archaeological Research Society 2, London 1999

The last volume is devoted to the results of the University of Kentucky's excavations on Kalbanarti Island in northern Sudan. In the volume Bill Adams describes graves, Nettie Adams describes the funerary materials found in the graves, including the textiles that were found in abundance, and Green and Girvan describe human remains.

MEINARTI - I

The Late Meroitic, Ballaňa and Transitional Occupation

by Eilliam Y.Adams

Sudan Archaeological Research Society Publication Number 5, London 2000

This is the first of four volumes devoted to the results of the Sudan Antiquities Service excavations on the island of Meinarti at the head of the Second Cataract in Northern Sudan. Part of the international campaign  to save the monuments of Nubia, the work was carried out during two field seasons, between February 1963 and June 1964. On half of the 12.5 m high settlement mound was totally excavated revealing occupation spanning from the late Meroitic period until the 19th century.

This volume begins with a detailed exposition of the methodology used by the excavator who was faced with a large site with deep stratigraphy on the one hand and by the ever encroaching waters of Lake Nubia on the other. The excavations were of more that local importance as the clear and long sequence of stratigraphy allowed Adams to formulate many of his ideas concerning the dating of pottery which have been of such fundamental importance for Nubian studies. The body of the text considers the earliest periods charting the development of the Meroitic site, with its well constructed administrative buildings and its wine press, into an organic settlement with its densely set dwellings inhabited by farming community. The full range of finds from each period are discussed in detail.

Minarti 1

Late Meroitic, Plana, and Transitional Residence

William Adams

Publications of the Sudanese Archaeological Research Society

This is the first book in a four-volume series devoted to the results of excavations carried out by the Sudanese Antiquities Service on Minarti Island, located at the head of the Second Cataract in northern Sudan. As part of the global campaign to save the monuments of Nubia, the work was carried out over two seasons between February 1963 and June 1964. Half of the 12.5-meter-high Residence Mound was completely excavated, revealing a residence extending from the Late Meroitic Period until the 19th century.

This volume begins with a detailed explanation of the methodology followed by the prospector who faced a site with a large and deep stratigraphy on the one hand, and with the increasingly rising waters of Lake Nubia on the other. The excavations were more than just local excavations, as the clear frequency of the stratigraphy allowed William Adams to synthesize many of his ideas about the dating of pottery, which was of great importance to Nubian studies. The text covers the early stages, drawing a developmental line for the irrigated site, with its well-constructed administrative buildings, its wine press, and its densely populated dwellings by a farming population. The overall findings are discussed in detail in the volume.

MEINARTI II

The Early and Classic Christian Phases

by William Y. Adams

Sudan Archaeological Society Pubication 6, London 2001

The first volume Meinarti I described, as indicated above, the lowermost and oldest remains at the site, dating from the Meroitic and Ballaňa periods and designated for historical purposes as Phases 1 and 2. The present volume carries the story forward through the Early and Classic Christian periods, designated as Phases 3 and 4.

Minarti 2

The early Christian and classical phases

William Adams

Publications of the Sudanese Archaeological Research Society

The first volume, Minarti 1, as mentioned above, dealt with the early lower remains of the site, dating from the Meroitic and Bellana phases and described for historical purposes as Phases 1 and 2. The present volume continues the story forward through the Early and Classic Christian phases, described as Phases 3 and 4.

EGYPT and NUBIA

Gifts of the Deaert

Edited by Renée Friedman

The British Museum Press, London 2002

This book originates in an international colloquium held in the British Museum in 1988. It comprises eighteen papers, written by leading scholars, each of whom explores an aspect of the use and exploitation of the deserts lying to the east and west of the Nile Valley by the ancient Egyptians and their prehistoric ancestors. Exploding the old myth that Egypt was simply the "Gift of the Nile", the volume represents a major step forward in understanding how the Egyptians perceived and exploited their wider environment.

HAMBUKOL EXCAVATIONS  1986-1989

Krzysztof Grzymski & Julie Anderson

Benben Publications, Ontario Canada 2001

This is the first in a series of site reports devoted to the publication of the results of the Canadian Expedition to Nubia excavations at Hambukol. The site of Hambukol is located at the southern end of the fertile Letti Basin in Upper Nubia (Sudan). The present report describes the remains of domestic and public buildings excavated between 1986 and 1989. The structures and finds discussed in the present volume date to the Classic and Late Christian Periods (10th to 12th century AD). The book also contains specialists' reports dealing with ceramics, petrographic analysis of pottery, textiles and identification of animal remains.

Excavations in Ambkul 1986-1989 Excavation work in Ambkul

Krzysztof Grzemski and Julie Anderson

Benben Publications, Ontario Canada

This is the first book in a series of reports devoted to publishing the results of the excavations conducted by the Canadian mission to Nubia at the Ambkul site. The site of Ambkul is located at the southern end of the fertile Wadi Latti in Upper Nubia (Sudan). The present report describes the remains of residential and public buildings that were excavated in the years 1986 and 1989. The buildings and finds discussed in the present volume date to the Early and Classic Christian periods (10th - 12th century AD). The book also contains specialized reports dealing with ceramics, petrographic analysis of pottery, textiles and the identification of animal remains.

LIFE ON THE DESERT EDGE

Seven Thousand Years of Settlement in the Northern Dongola Reach, Sudan

by Derek Welsby

with contributions by

Carol Andrews, Caroline Cartwright, Jill Cook, Annie Grant, Louis Joyner, Margaret Judd, Mark Macklin, Isabella Welsby Sjöström, Barbara Wills, Jamie Woodward and Fathi Abdul Hamid

Sudan Archaeological Research Society publication Number 7, London 2001

Life on the Desert Edge publishes the results of the Society's survey in the Northern Dongola Reach between 1993 and 1996 and of the one season of excavations which followed in the winter of 1996-97 within the Kerma cemeteries at sites O16 and P37, in the Kerma Classique building at site P4 and in the mound field at site P1.

Life on the edge of the desert

Seven thousand years of residence in the northern Dongola region, Sudan

Derek Welsby

With the contributions of everyone

Carol Andrews, Carolyn Cartwright, Jill Kwok, Annie Grant, Lois Joyner, Margaret Good, Mark Maclean, Isabella Welsby, Barbara Wells, Khamie Woodward, and Fathi Abdel Hamed

Publications of the Sudanese Archaeological Research Society 7, London 2001

Life at the Edge of the Desert publishes the results of the survey work carried out by the association in the northern Dongola region in the period between 1993 and 1996 and the excavation work for one season that followed in the winter of 1996-97 in the classical cemeteries of Kerma.

UNCOVERING ANCIENT SUDAN

A Decade of Discovery by the Sudan Archaeological Research Society

edited by Derek Welsby and Vivian Davies

Sudan Archaeological Research Society publication Number 8, London 2002

This book, which is profusely illustrated throughout in colour, describes the field projects sponsored and supported by the Sudan Archaeological Research Society during its first 10 years. It provides a dramatic introduction to the deserts and the River Nile in Northern Sudan, and to the rich archaeological heritage of the country. Among the projects featured are major urban excavations at Soba East and Kawa, cemetery excavations at Gabati, surveys in the Bayuda Desert, the Northern Dongola Reach, and above the Fourth Cataract, and epigraphic work at Kurgus.

Uncovering ancient Sudan

A decade of discovery: Sudanese Archaeological Research Association

Supervised by Derek Welsby and Vivian Davies

Publications of the Sudanese Archaeological Research Society 8, London 2002

The book, supported by colorful photographs, describes the field research projects funded and supported by the Sudanese Archaeological Research Society during its first ten years. The book represents a dramatic introduction to the deserts and the Nile River in northern Sudan, and to the country's rich archaeological heritage. Among the projects that were dealt with were basic excavations in the two urban sites of Soba Sharq and Kawa, excavations in the Qubti cemeteries, survey work in the Bayuda Desert, the northern Dongola region, and in the Fourth Cataract, and epigraphic research in Kirgis.

THE MEDIEVAL KINGDOMS OF NUBIA

Pagans, Christians and Muslims on Middle Nile

Derek Welsby

The Medieval Kingdoms of Nubia is a fascinating study of the rise and fall of the Nubian kingdoms on the middle Nile. Nubia had a rich pagan heritage, stretching back thousands of years and heavily influenced by Egyptian theology. During probably the 8th century AD various factors- perhaps more political than religious- led to the adoption of Christianity. Derek Welsby chart this huge cultural transition using not only literary evidence from archaeological finds, with its inevitable bias, but also extensive evidence from archaeological finds such as churches, graves and monuments, From the 6th century onwards, the threat from the Arabs was constant, though it was not until the 13th century that the kingdoms became increasingly surrounded and infiltrated by their Muslim neighbours.

As well as discussing the turbulent political and religious history, Derek Welsby devotes much of his study to an examination of Nubian culture and society, and the impact of Christianity on every aspect of Nubian life. He examines in detail Nubian architecture, one of the most enduring legacies of the medieval kingdoms; Nubian art, literature and language; and finally the economy and the importance of agriculture and trade. Broad-ranging and meticulously researched.

The Medieval Kingdoms of Nubia is afully comprehensive study of this intriguing subject.

Medieval Nubia Kingdoms

Pagans, Christians, and Muslims in the Middle Nile

Derek Welsby

The book The Medieval Kingdoms of Nuba represents a wonderful study of the emergence and demise of the Nubian kingdoms in the Middle Nile. Nubia had a rich pagan heritage, extending back thousands of years and greatly influenced by the Egyptian theological system. Probably during the eighth century AD, various factors - more likely political than religious - led to the adoption of Christianity. Derek Welsby charts the massive cultural shift using not only the literary evidence from archaeological finds, with its inevitable bias, but also the huge body of archaeological finds such as churches, tombs, and other archaeological evidence. From the sixth century AD onwards, the threat from the Arabs became constant, although only in the thirteenth century AD did the Nubian kingdoms become increasingly surrounded and penetrated by their Muslim neighbours.

In addition to discussing the turbulent political and religious history, Derek Welsby devotes considerable space in his research to studying Nubian culture and society, and the influence of Christianity on all aspects of Nubian life. It examines in detail Nubian architecture, one of the most enduring and enduring aspects of the legacy of medieval kingdoms; Nubian art, literature and language; Finally, the economy and the importance of agriculture and trade. All these aspects were studied extensively and patiently.

The Medieval Kingdoms of Nubia represents a truly comprehensive study of this interesting subject.

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